A descriptive term for any particle of steel that has been produced by hot mechanical working.

A relatively flat, thin portion of a forging, generally parallel to the forging plane—that connects ribs and bosses. See also Rib.

The fitted V-shaped grooves in the ram and columns of a hammer or press that guide the descent and ascent of the ram.

Term generally applied to distortion that results during quenching from heat-treating temperatures; hand straightening, press straightening, or cold restriking is employed, depending on the configuration of the part and the…

Deformation at elevated temperatures below the recrystallization temperature. The flow stress and rate of strain hardening are reduced with increasing temperature; thus, lower forces are required than in cold working.…

A small protrusion resulting from the entrance of metal into die vent holes.

A small hole in a punch or die for admitting air to avoid suction holding or for relieving pockets of trapped air that would prevent die closure or action.

A horizontal forging machine where the workpiece is gripped between two grooved dies and deformed by a punch that exerts force on the end of the stock.

(1) A forging made by upsetting an appropriate length of bar, billet or bloom. (2) Working metal to increase the cross-sectional area of a portion or all of the stock.…

The Unified Numbering System. A system that provides a means of correlating many nationally used numbering systems currently administered by societies, trade associations, and individual users and producers of metals…